Mn‐Based Mullites for Environmental and Energy Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Mn‐based mullite oxides AMn 2 O 5 (A = lanthanide, Y, Bi) is a novel type of ternary catalyst in terms of their electronic and geometric structures. The coexistence of pyramid Mn 3+ –O and octahedral Mn 4+ –O makes the d‐orbital selectively active toward various catalytic reactions. The alternative edge‐ and corner‐sharing stacking configuration constructs the confined active sites and abundant active oxygen species. As a result, they tend to show superior catalytic behaviors and thus gain great attention in environmental treatment and energy conversion and storage. In environmental applications, Mn‐based mullites have been demonstrated to be highly active toward low‐temperature oxidization of CO, NO, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), etc. Recent research further shows that mullites decompose O 3 and ozonize VOCs from −20 °C to room temperature. Moreover, mullites enhance oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) and sulfur reduction reactions (SRR), critical kinetic steps in air‐battery and Li–S batteries, respectively. Their distinctive structures also facilitate applications in gas‐sensitive sensing, ionic conduction, high mobility dielectrics, oxygen storage, piezoelectricity, dehydration, H 2 O 2 decomposition, and beyond. A comprehensive review from basic physicochemical properties to application certainly not only gains a full picture of mullite oxides but also provides new insights into designing heterogeneous catalysts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".