Depth-dependent magnetic crossover in a room-temperature skyrmion-hosting multilayer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Skyrmion-hosting multilayer stacks are promising avenues for applications, although little is known about the depth dependence of the magnetism. We address this by reporting the results of circular dichroic resonant elastic x-ray scattering (CD-REXS), micromagnetic simulations, and low-energy muon-spin rotation (LE-<a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><a:msup><a:mi>μ</a:mi><a:mo>+</a:mo></a:msup><a:mi mathvariant="normal">SR</a:mi></a:math>) measurements on a stack comprising <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><c:mrow><c:mo>[</c:mo><c:mi>Ta</c:mi></c:mrow></c:math>/CoFeB/<d:math xmlns:d="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><d:msub><d:mrow><d:mi>MgO</d:mi><d:mo>]</d:mo></d:mrow><d:mn>16</d:mn></d:msub></d:math>/Ta on a Si substrate. Energy-dependent CD-REXS shows a continuous, monotonic evolution of the domain-wall helicity angle with incident energy, consistent with a three-dimensional hybrid domain-wall-like structure that changes from Néel-like near the surface to Bloch-like deeper within the sample. LE-<e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><e:msup><e:mi>μ</e:mi><e:mo>+</e:mo></e:msup><e:mi mathvariant="normal">SR</e:mi></e:math> reveals that the magnetic field distribution in the trilayers near the surface of the stack is distinct from that in trilayers deeper within the sample. Our micromagnetic simulations support a quantitative analysis of the <g:math xmlns:g="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><g:msup><g:mi>μ</g:mi><g:mo>+</g:mo></g:msup><g:mi mathvariant="normal">SR</g:mi></g:math> results. By increasing the applied magnetic field, we find a reduction in the volume occupied by domain walls at all depths, consistent with a crossover into a region dominated by skyrmions above approximately 180 mT. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".