Machine Learning-Based Active Layer Thickness Estimation Over Permafrost Landscapes by Upscaling Airborne Remote Sensing Measurements with Cloud-Computing Geotechnologies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Earth observation (EO) plays a pivotal role in understanding our planet’s rapidly changing environment. Recently, geospatial technologies used to analyse EO data have made remarkable progress, in particular from innovations in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and scalable cloud-computing resources. This chapter presents a brief overview of these developments, with a focus on geospatial “big data.” A case study is presented where Google Earth Engine (GEE) was used to upscale airborne active layer thickness (ALT) measurements over an extensive permafrost region. GEE’s machine learning (ML) capabilities were leveraged for upscaling measurements to several multi-source satellite EO datasets. Novel Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques were also used for model feature selection and interpretation. The optimized ML model achieved an R2 of 0.476, although performance varied by ecosystem. This chapter highlights the capabilities of new RS sensors and geospatial technologies for better understanding permafrost environments, which is important in the face of climate change.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".