Revised upper Paleozoic stratigraphy of the Blacks Harbour-Beaver Harbour area, New Brunswick, Canada: evidence from new bedrock mapping and palynology
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Upper Paleozoic sedimentary rocks form outliers delineated by large strike-slip faults in the Blacks Harbour-Beaver Harbour area in southwestern New Brunswick. Currently included in the Upper Devonian Perry Formation, and Visean–Pennsylvanian Mabou Group (Balls Lake Formation) and Cumberland Group (Lancaster Formation), these units have been subject to varied interpretations since the initial mapping during the 19th century. The Perry Formation, a red bed sequence consisting of coarse conglomerate, sandstone, minor shale, and mafic volcanic rocks, has yielded plant fossils (indeterminate debris and decorticated stem and root fossils) considered to be broadly Devonian, and most likely Famennian. The ‘Carboniferous’ strata have proven more intractable. Three units have been defined by mapping: Lighthouse Cove Formation (previously: ‘Fish Plant Beds’), Cripps Steam Formation, and Russels Point Formation (previously: ‘Beaver Harbour Formation’). These units have yielded plant fossils in the form of indeterminate debris and decorticated stem and root fragments that various workers have attributed to the Silurian, Devonian, Mississippian, or Pennsylvanian. New palynological analyses from the Perry Formation (at Tunaville) and Russels Point Formation (at Woodland Cove and Russels Point) have yielded stratigraphically significant assemblages. The Tunaville assemblage, the first miospores from anywhere in the Perry Formation, and roughly in the middle of the local sequence, is lower to middle Famennian. Two miospore assemblages are from near the base of the Russels Point Formation: one shows a possible range from Tournaisian to Holkerian (middle Visean), and the second is better constrained between Chadian and Holkerian (lower to middle Visean). Only the Lighthouse Cove Formation (‘Fish Plant Beds’) failed to yield any miospore assemblages; however, mapping and structural considerations are compatible with this unit being older than the Russels Point Formation and younger than the Perry Formation and most likely Tournaisian to lower Visean. One new stratigraphic relationship has been located along the southern shore of Deadmans Harbour where an angular unconformity occurs between red beds of the Perry Formation and grey beds of the overlying Russels Point Formation. Contrasting deformation styles in these units related to displacement on the Belleisle Fault constrain a major phase of strike-slip movement to the Famennian–Tournaisian interval.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.010 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".