Relations Between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Cognition in Older Adults With Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment From the Aerobic Exercise and Cognitive Training (ACT) Trial: Sex Differences
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective To examine the associations of cardiorespiratory fitness with executive function, episodic memory, and global cognition and sex differences in these associations in community-dwelling older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Design A cross-sectional study using baseline data from the aerobic exercise and cognitive training (ACT) trial. Setting The ACT trial conducted exercise testing in an exercise laboratory and data collections in a research facility. Participants ACT trial participants were recruited through referrals, registries, exhibits, flyers, media, and advertisements and screened for eligibility. To be eligible for this study, ACT enrollees needed complete data on all study variables. Among 146 ACT enrollees, 142 met eligibility for this study (N=142). Interventions None. Main Outcome Measures Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured as peak oxygen consumption (Vo 2peak ) with a peak cycle-ergometer test, executive function with the EXAMINER, episodic memory with the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised, and global cognition with Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Results The average age of the sample was 73.8±5.8 years with 16.9±2.9 years of education, with 87.3% White, 51.4% men, and 69.7% married. After controlling for covariates, Vo 2peak was significantly related to executive function ( b =.037, standard error [SE]=0.015, P =.0154, semipartial [ sr ] correlation coefficient=.239) and episodic memory ( b =.590, SE=0.226, P= .0102, sr =.216), but not global cognition ( b =.074, SE=0.055, P= .1837, sr =.125). For men, Vo 2peak was significantly associated with executive function ( b =.063, SE=0.024, P =.0099, r =.430) and episodic memory ( b =1.088, SE=0.312, P =.0009, r =.382). Conclusions Our findings show that Vo 2peak was associated with executive function and episodic memory in the overall sample and in men. Future studies can examine the longitudinal relations between cardiorespiratory fitness and cognition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".