Dependence of the structure of electric arc coatings on the parameters of sputtering of parts of transport equipment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The use of special flux-cored wires for electric arc spraying allows for coatings with high wear resistance. However, the insufficient adhesion and cohesion of the resulting coatings does not allow these coatings to be used under increased operating loads. To improve the mechanical characteristics of gas-thermal coatings, a supersonic gas jet is used to transport molten droplets to the sprayed surface, increasing their kinetic energy. It is proposed to apply a supersonic air jet using a Laval nozzle and increasing the air jet pressure from 0.6 to 1.0...1.2 MPa. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of air jet pressure on the structure of electric arc coatings. It has been determined that an increase in the air jet pressure from 0.6 to 1.2 MPa causes a 2-fold increase in the air flow velocity from 300 to 600 m/s. At the same time, the velocity of droplets dispersed by the air jet during the spraying of electrode cored wires increases from 60-90 m/s to 160-220 m/s, and their size decreases. Reducing the flight time of the dispersed droplets from the arc to the sprayed surface ensures their higher temperature when they hit the sprayed surface. Increasing the air jet pressure also reduces the expansion angle of the metal-air jet from 30° to 15°. The microhardness of iron oxide inclusions - magnetite, wustite and hematite - in the coating of unalloyed steel wire sputtered is in the range of 700-800 HV. This ensures a microhardness of the U8 coating of 350-400 HV at a pressure of 0.6 MPa. Sputtering the same coating at a pressure of 1.2 MPa reduces the size of the lamellae and oxides, and their volume content increases, which increases the microhardness to 450...500 HV. The microhardness of coatings made of 90X17R3GS increases from 800 to 910 HV. It was found that an increase in air jet pressure from 0.6 to 1.2 MPa provides an increase in air jet velocity from 300 to 600 m/s, and the velocity of dispersed droplets from 120 to 220 m/s.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".