Decadal‐Scale Variability in the Surface Flow of the Gulf of Maine Coastal Current: The Impact of Changing Climate Conditions on Coastal Circulation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The Gulf of Maine (GOM) is one of the most productive and ecologically important marine environments on the planet. The Gulf of Maine Coastal Current (GMCC), which stretches along the western side of the GOM from the Bay of Fundy to Cape Cod, plays an important role in supporting this productivity by transporting nutrients, larvae and dinoflagellates southwestward along the Canadian and New England coastlines. Climate change has led to alterations in GOM ecosystems in recent years: GOM water temperatures have warmed and distributions of marine species have shifted. However, the impacts of the changing climate on the circulation within the GOM, including the path and velocity of the GMCC, have remained unclear. Here, we examine data collected by satellite tracked surface drifters and velocity data collected by the NERACOOS buoy array in order to investigate inter‐decadal changes to the flow of the GMCC. We find that over inter‐decadal timescales, the alongshore surface flow of the GMCC has slowed, particularly in the region southwest of Penobscot Bay. The slowdown observed in the GMCC surface flow is most likely attributed to a local strengthening of the southwesterly winds over the time period of interest.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".