Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Origin and Function of the Medieval Chapter Room of Montecassino Charles Hilken F.S.C. (bio) Charles Hilken Charles Hilken, F.S.C., is a professor in the History Department of Saint Mary's College of California and the author of "Anniversary Records of the Dead in the Beneventan Zone," in A Companion to Beneventan Studies (forthcoming from Brill). Footnotes 1. The author of this article would like to thank don Mariano dell'Omo, O.S.B., archivist of Montecassino, for the kindness of forwarding me Federico Marazzi's study, Isabel Cochelin, of the Centre for Medieval Studies at the University of Toronto, for directing me to her published studies, and the participants in the 56th International Medieval Congress, 2021, who listened to my paper and offered most helpful questions, in particular to Professor Laura Mancia, of Brooklyn College-CUNY, whose question about dreams associated with chapter rooms continues to resonate. Special thanks to Father Thomas X. Davis, O.C.S.O., for his kind hospitality at New Clairvaux Abbey and his essay on the reconstructed chapter room of Santa Maria de Ovila. 2. For comprehensive introductions to the study of chapter rooms see Pierre Gillon, "Un exemple de la communion du pratique et du sacré: la salle du chapitre en Occident," with accompanying appendices, in Pratique et sacré dans les espaces monastiques au Moyen Âge et à l'époque moderne. Actes du colloque de Liessies-Mauberge, 26, 27 et 28 septembre 1997, ed. Philippe Racinet (Amiens: CAHMER; Lille: CREDHIR, 1999), 259–344; Heidrun Stein-Kecks, Der Kapitelsaal in der mittelalterlichen Klosterbaukunst: Studien zu den Bildprogrammen (Munich: Deutscher Kuntsverlag, 2005); and Isabelle Cochelin, "Discussions au chapitre (IXe–XIe): la place (réelle et symbolique) de l'abbé était-elle si dominante?" Memini. Travaux et documents, 19–20 (2015–2016), 337–361. 3. Chronica monasterii casinensis, ed. Hartmut Hoffmann, Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Scriptores, 34 (Hannover: Hahnsche Buchhandlung, 1980). 4. The Ordinal of Montecassino and Benevento: Breviarium sive ordo officiorum, 11th Century, ed. Thomas Forrest Kelly, Spicilegium Friburgense, 45 (Fribourg: Academic Press, 2008). 5. Il necrologio del cod. cassinese 47 (facsimile edition), ed. Mauro Inguanez, Fonti per la storia d'Italia, 83 (Rome: Tipografia del Senato, 1941). 6. Initia consuetudinis benedictinae: Consuetudines saeculi octavi et noni, ed. Kassius Hallinger, Corpus Consuetudinum Monasticarum, 1 (Siegburg: F. Schmitt, 1963). See p. LXIX for the list of customaries ascribed to Montecassino. 7. Federico Marazzi, "La ricerca archeologica a Montecassino e le ipotesi sulla ricostruzione del monastero predesideriano. Riflessioni preliminari a margine dell'edizione delle epigrafi," in Angelo Pantoni, Documenti epigrafici di Montecassino dal VI al XV secolo, eds., Mariano dell'Omo, Daniele Ferraiuolo, and Federico Marazzi, Miscellanea Cassinese 88 (Montecassino: 2020), 173–274. 8. Cum ducatus [995–1002] adhuc sui tempore iter agens, in monasterium quoddam ultra montes Benedicti patris nomini dedicatum hospitatus fuisset, quoniam multitudini equorum ipsius stabula sola nequaquam sufficerent, in ipso fratrum capitulo quod iuxta ecclesiam erat, eius stabularii audacter ac pertinaciter equos aliquot locare minime veriti sunt. (Chronica, book 2, c. 45, p. 253, ll.7–11. 9. Post transitum igitur eius [Maielpoti] cum convenissent in capitulo monasterii Capuani domnus Adelbertus egregius praesul ecclesiae Capuanae ... [a list of prelates follows] ... electus est ab universis fratribus cum maximo gaudio atque letitia in abbatem domnus Aligernus ... (Chronica, book 1, c. 60, pp. 151, l.4–152, l.4). Regarding the monks' sojourn in Capua, see Herbert Bloch, Montecassino in the Middle Ages (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1986), vol. 1, 234–237, for Saint Benedict in Capua. Abbot John I, the former archdeacon of Capua, built the monastery and was elected its first abbot (914–934). He invited the Cassinese community, which was resident at Teano, to relocate. The abbey at Capua became a priory after Abbot Aligern rebuilt Montecassino and transferred the community there. 10. See Mariano Dell'Omo, Montecassino: un'abbazia nella storia (Montecassino: Pubblicazioni Cassinesi, 1999), 33–34 and 294–295. 11. Marazzi, 174. 12. See the hypothetical reconstruction of the architectural complex of Montecassino before the destruction caused by the earthquake of 1349, by Ermenegildo Scaccia Scarafoni, in Dell'Omo, Montecassino, figure 86. 13. See Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2021, http://www.geschichtsquellen.de/werk/3294. 14...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".