Bibliographic record
Abstract
This chapter connects two themes in Susan Rose-Ackermans seminal contributions to comparative public law and political economy: public participation in administrative policy-making (administrative democracy) and federalism. It puts forward an ideal type of federalstate interaction that can lead to the development of effective administrative democracy. This scheme consists of feedback loops, whereby the center may adopt a particular accountability mechanism, potentially in the form of a minimum standard, that it can impose on the periphery or indirectly influence the periphery to adopt. The component entities of the federal system download this minimum standard and are free to move beyond it and to experiment with procedural modes that operationalize it and may enhance democratic accountability in the periphery. The emphasis in this scheme is on procedural innovation instead of substantive policy innovation. Some of these good practices might be subsequently uploaded onto the center and be generalized or spread across state borders. The chapter explores how this hypothesis plays out in three examples of federal or decentralized systemsthe United States, the European Union, and Canadawhich illustrate different aspects of these feedback loops and the interactions between federalism and administrative democracy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".