All-Dry Synthesis of NMC from [Ni,Mn,Co]<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Spinel Precursors
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Oxides in the Ni x Mn 0.5- x /2 Co 0.5- x /2 -O system were investigated as precursors in the all-dry synthesis of NMC622 (LiNi 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 O 2 ). Single-phase spinel precursors in this system were found to have the highest compositional homogeneity. To synthesize NMC, Ni x Mn 0.5- x /2 Co 0.5- x /2 -O precursors were heated with Li 2 CO 3 and NiO (to attain the correct NMC stoichiometry) in air or oxygen. This represents a different strategy in NMC synthesis compared to conventional hydroxide precursors that have the same composition as the final NMC. The most homogeneous and best performing NMC (171.9 mAh g −1 with 90% after 183 cycles) were obtained by using precursors that were essentially single-phase cubic spinel (0.070 ≤ x ≤ 0.091 in Ni x Mn 0.5- x /2 Co 0.5- x /2 -O) even though such precursors had compositions that had significantly less Ni content than the target NMC622 composition. These findings demonstrate an alternate route for obtaining compositional homogeneity in NMC all-dry synthesis.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it