Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction Young Nick Adams is crossing a lake in a rowboat together with his father, his uncle, and a Native American man, and they arrive at a Native American camp. Nick’s father has been called out to the camp to help a woman deliver a baby. In the tent where the woman is lying, her husband lies above her in the top bunk with an injured foot. Due to a case of breech birth, Nick’s father is performing a caesarian operation on the woman and he asks Nick to assist by holding a basin. The woman is screaming and she bites Nick’s uncle, who tries to help. After the operation, Nick’s father discovers that the new father, the woman’s husband, has fatally slit his throat with a razor. Nick is sent out of the tent, and the uncle leaves together with two natives. It all ends with Nick and his father rowing back, talking about birth and death, making Nick think that he will never die. This short story was written by the author Ernest Miller Hemingway. Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899, and died on July 2, 1961. He was raised in Oak Park, Illinois, in the USA. After high school he worked for a short time as a reporter for the newspaper the Kansas City Star , leaving in 1918 to become an ambulance driver during World War One, from where he returned home seriously wounded in early 1919. In 1921, with his first wife, he went to Paris as a foreign correspondent for the Toronto Star , becoming part of the ‘Lost Generation’ expatriate community in Paris. He went to Spain to report on the Spanish Civil War and during World War Two he reported on the Normandy landings in 1944 and the liberation of Paris in 1945. When Hemingway was in his early 20s he dreamed of writing fiction, so journalism was primarily a day job, while he awaited his chance as a writer of fiction. He became one of the most prominent American authors of the 20th century, publishing seven novels, six short-story collections, and two non-fiction works. Although he often stayed in Europe, his permanent residence was in Florida in the 1930s and in Cuba in the 1940s and 1950s. In 1959 he moved to Idaho, where he committed suicide in 1961.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.034 | 0.015 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.011 | 0.013 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.008 |
| Research integrity | 0.008 | 0.027 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".