A Wideband High-Gain Circularly-Polarized Metasurface Antenna with a Large Element Spacing SIW Array at Ka Band
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, a novel Ka-band circularly-polarized (CP) planar metasurface antenna is proposed, which is based on an innovation technique for suppressing grating lobes in antenna arrays featuring large element spacing (LES). It consists of two essential components: a substrate-integrated-waveguide (SIW) array with an element spacing of$2\lambda$and a metasurface lens (meta-lens). The LES SIW array and the compact transparent-like meta-lens are first developed separately, to achieve CP performance with grating lobes and circular-to-circular polarization transformation with continuous compensation phases, respectively. They are then integrated to construct the metasurface antenna, where the grating lobes from the SIW array are effectively suppressed and the gain is significantly improved. Simulations are carried out to validate the antenna design, yielding impressive results, including a peak gain of 26.92 dBic and an expansive 3-dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of over 23 %. This innovative antenna design provides an alternative way to realize high-gain antenna arrays, offering distinct advantages of design simplicity and the ability to overcome difficulties associated with processing, tuning, and reliability, especially in the millimeter-wave band.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".