Bibliographic record
Abstract
A dataset containing 112698 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ { "or" : [ "DatasetKey is Bumblebees and butterflies in Norway", "DatasetKey is Naturalis Biodiversity Center (NL) - Hymenoptera", "DatasetKey is iNaturalist Research-grade Observations", "DatasetKey is BeeWalk bumblebee distributions for Great Britain 2008-2022", "DatasetKey is Artportalen (Swedish Species Observation System)", "DatasetKey is Swiss National Apoidea Databank", "DatasetKey is Bee, wasp and ant (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) records verified via iRecord", "DatasetKey is Wild bees of Belgium", "DatasetKey is Patterns of widespread decline in North American bumble bees", "DatasetKey is Waarnemingen.be - Hymenoptera occurrences in Flanders and the Brussels Capital Region, Belgium", "DatasetKey is NMNH Extant Specimen Records (USNM, US)", "DatasetKey is naturgucker", "DatasetKey is Observation.org, Nature data from around the World", "DatasetKey is UAM Insect Collection (Arctos)", "DatasetKey is Essig Museum of Entomology", "DatasetKey is Bee Biology and Systematics Laboratory", "DatasetKey is Bees of Ireland", "DatasetKey is Entomological collections, UiB", "DatasetKey is Snow Entomological Museum Collection", "DatasetKey is Norwegian Species Observation Service", "DatasetKey is hymenoptera", "DatasetKey is Suivi Photographique des Insectes Pollinisateurs (SPIPOLL)", "DatasetKey is Illinois Natural History Survey Insect Collection", "DatasetKey is Insect Species Occurrence Data from Multiple Projects Worldwide with Focus on Bees and Wasps in North America", "DatasetKey is Natural History Museum (London) Collection Specimens", "DatasetKey is Xerces Society - Bumble Bee Watch", "DatasetKey is Bombus of Canada", "DatasetKey is Entomology Division, Yale Peabody Museum" ] }, "OccurrenceStatus is Present", { "or" : [ "TaxonKey is Danaus plexippus (Linnaeus, 1758)", "TaxonKey is Bombus fraternus (Smith, 1854)" ] } ] } The dataset includes 112698 records from 18 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0021576-210914110416597/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.008 | 0.015 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.444 | 0.552 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".