Mapping Surface Water Fraction Over the Pan-Tropical Region Using CYGNSS Data
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A new method, which integrates multi-variable consisting of Soil Moisture (SM) Active Passive (SMAP)-derived SM and vegetation optical depth, the water seasonality, geolocation, digital elevation model, slope, and biomass as inputs and adopts the technique of Bootstrap Aggregation of Regression Trees (BARTs) is proposed for retrieving monthly surface water fraction (SWF) at a spatial resolution of 0.025° from Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) data. The model is trained using Surface Water Microwave Product Series (SWAMPS) data with a coarser resolution of 25 km and then applied to CYGNSS data with an enhanced resolution of 0.025° to generate high-resolution water maps. The resulting CYGNSS SWF (CSWF) maps are evaluated by comparing them with other water data sources, namely SWAMPS, Global Surface Water (GSW), and Global surface water dynamics (GLAD), as well as ground measurements. A quadruple collocation analysis indicates that the CSWF results exhibit the lowest error variance among the four SWF datasets. Furthermore, additional testing with water level measurements demonstrates a strong correlation with station data and clear seasonal patterns. Notably, the CSWF estimates significantly improve spatial coverage compared to both optical data (GSW and GLAD) with enhanced spatial resolution and the coarser SWAMPS data. This study underscores the effectiveness and efficiency of CSWF estimates, highlighting their potential as a valuable complement to existing microwave- and optical-based surface water products.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".