Modeling Circumstellar Gas Emission around a White Dwarf Using cloudy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The chemical composition of an extrasolar planet is fundamental to its formation, evolution, and habitability. In this study, we explore a new way to measure the chemical composition of the building blocks of extrasolar planets by measuring the gas composition of the disrupted planetesimals around white dwarf stars. As a first attempt, we used the photoionization code Cloudy to model the circumstellar gas emission around white dwarf Gaia J0611−6931 under some simplified assumptions. We found that most of the emission lines are saturated, and the line ratios approach the ratios of thermal emission; therefore, only lower limits to the number density can be derived. Silicon is the best-constrained element in the circumstellar gas, and we derived a lower limit of 1010.3 cm−3. In addition, we placed a lower limit on the total amount of gas to be 1.8 × 1019 g. Further study is needed to better constrain the parameters of the gas disk and connect it to other white dwarfs with circumstellar gas absorption.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".