A 400 V Dual-Phase Series-Capacitor Buck Converter GaN IC With Integrated Closed-Loop Control
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gallium nitride (GaN) high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) offer a 13× better <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R_{\text{DS,on}}Q_{g}$</tex-math></inline-formula> figure-of-merit than silicon laterally-diffused metal-oxide semiconductor (LDMOS) devices for power converters operating above 100 V. Recent GaN manufacturing advancements allow monolithic integration, merging sensing, protection, and control circuits with high-voltage GaN HEMTs. This article presents a fully monolithic closed-loop series-capacitor buck converter for 200-to-5 V and 400-to-12 V direct conversion. The presented design manages closed-loop control complexity, overcoming challenges in analog and digital GaN circuitry and reducing static power consumption. A unique switching sequence eliminates the need for a level shifter, addressing challenges associated with common-mode transient immunity and high <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$dv/dt$</tex-math></inline-formula> signals. Converter operation is experimentally validated up to 400 V. The on-chip closed-loop control regulates the 5 V output voltage to within 87 mV under a load step from 0.35 to 0.85 A. The design achieves a competitive power density of 2.17 W<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathrm{/}\text{cm}^{3}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, delivering 13.7 W at 400-to-12 V and attains a peak efficiency of 80.2<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ \%$</tex-math></inline-formula> for 200-to-5 V operation. This work represents the first demonstration of closed-loop control with an integrated multiphase half-bridge capable of operating at 400<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\, \text{V}$</tex-math></inline-formula>.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".