Biliary Tract Disorders and Associated Acute Complications in Patients With Acromegaly: A Single-Center Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Biliary complications are frequent in patients with acromegaly. These complications may be secondary either to acromegaly or to somatostatin analogs (SAs). We aimed in this paper to assess the prevalence of biliary complications in patients with acromegaly at diagnosis and after treatment with SAs. Methods: We conducted an analytical and descriptive retrospective study of 26 patients followed up for acromegaly over 7 years. Biliary complications were screened at diagnosis and follow-up by abdominal ultrasound, biliary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS). Data were analyzed using SPSS 21. Results: The mean age of the patients was 49.6 ± 14 years, with a female predominance (53.8%). The evaluation of biliary complications showed vesicular biliary tract lithiasis and/or sludge in seven patients (29%), including two patients at the time of diagnosis of acromegaly and five patients after an average medical treatment duration of 3 years. Six female patients (24%) had dilation of the bile ducts without the presence of obstruction on biliary MRI and EUS and lithiasis/sludge of the common bile duct, tumor or external compression have been excluded. This condition was discovered incidentally at the diagnosis in five patients and during the follow-up in one patient. The preoperative insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels, disease duration, and female sex were significantly correlated with biliary tract dilation occurrence. Dyslipidemia, the preoperative IGF-1 level, and lanreotide treatment duration were significantly correlated with the occurrence of biliary lithiasis (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Biliary stones are a frequent biliary adverse effect in patients with acromegaly undergoing SAs treatment. However, primary bile duct dilation has never been reported in acromegaly to the best of our knowledge. This condition could be considered as a complication or a feature of the disease.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".