Green Fabrication of All-Nanocellulose-Based Flexible Electroluminescent Devices with Biodegradability, Recyclability, and Extreme Environment Tolerance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Flexible electroluminescent (EL) devices have become an important part of lighting and display. However, fabricating a flexible EL device with biodegradability, recyclability, and extreme environment tolerance through a facile and green method still remains challenging to date. Herein, an all-nanocellulose-based flexible EL device with recyclable phosphors is developed by using a sandwich-structured assembly strategy. Biomass-derived cellulose nanocrystals with II crystalline allomorphs (CNCs II) with high transmittance are utilized as a film-forming agent, a dispersant, and an antioxidant for transparent electrodes. Biomass-derived cellulose nanofibers with a high aspect ratio are introduced into the luminescent layer to improve the mechanical stability of the devices. The CNC II-silver nanowire electrodes with high transmittance (81.7%) and low sheet resistance (4.4 Ω sq –1 ) demonstrate conductive stability, damage resistance, and inoxidizability. The assembled EL devices with high luminance (135.7 cd m –2 at 400 V and 20 kHz), tensile strength (16.6 MPa), and mechanical cyclic stability can work properly over a wide temperature range (−20 to 60 °C). With the action of cellulase, the entire device can be completely biodegraded within 7 h. The device prepared with recycled phosphors basically maintains the original mechanical and luminescent properties. The patternable all-nanocellulose-based EL devices with biodegradability, recyclability, and extreme environment tolerance manufactured through an environmentally friendly approach offer a favorable option for future green electronics including wearable devices and flexible display screens.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".