From the History of Religious Quest of Russian Educated Society in the Second Quarter of the 19th Century: Leonilla Sayn-Wittgenstein
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The article endeavors to address in detail the religious quests of Leonilla Ivanovna Sayn-Wittgenstein (née Baryatinskaya, 1816-1918) -a famous secular lady and activist of the Catholic movement.The article analyses the religious way of life of the Baryatinsky family, where Sayn-Wittgenstein spent her childhood.It is concluded that Leonilla's childhood was spent in a polyconfessional, but mainly Orthodox and Protestant environment, Catholic influences were not particularly noticeable.Leonilla's gravitation towards Catholicism in her childhood was not the result of a worldview quest.Her childhood imagination was possessed by the image of a Catholic visionary nun like Teresa of Avila, with which she probably related herself.The article pays special attention to the period of L.I. Sayn-Wittgenstein's conversion to Catholicism, which fell on the first years of her married life.A previously unknown source -the characterisation of L.I. Sayn-Wittgenstein written by V.P. Davydov -is introduced into the scientific use.On the basis of its analysis the thesis is argued that Leonilla Ivanovna's worldview was greatly influenced by the liberal views of her husband, the Decembrist L.P. Wittgenstein.She decided to convert to Catholicism under the influence of a liberal political impulse, against the background of her rejection of violations of the principle of equal rights in the state and her rapprochement with the Polish-Lithuanian milieu.She perceived Catholicism from a "political" perspective, and her ecclesiology is closely linked to the problem of power.The question of what place L.I. Sayn-Wittgenstein took in the Catholic movement after her departure from Russia and her conversion to Catholicism on June, 21, 1847, is discussed.The history of her relations with Felix Dupanloup and other representatives of liberal Catholicism in France, whom she supported and called "the blessed cohort", is described.The position that L.I. Sayn-Wittgenstein occupied in the Catholic world and among the European aristocracy at the turn of the century is characterised.Her views on Russia, expressed in her correspondence with Count Dubassin de Richmond, are analyzed.It is concluded that L.I. Sayn-Wittgenstein was a supporter of the liberal evolution of the Russian political system, supported the programme of P.A. Stolypin and the Octobrists.It can be said that throughout her long life she maintained a consistent worldview -starting from the turn of the 1830s-1840s and until the end of her days she was committed to political Catholicism of the liberal direction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".