Bibliographic record
Abstract
Stratospheric sulfate aerosols play a crucial role in the physical and chemical processes in the Earth's atmosphere.They have a strong impact on climate by absorbing and scattering both incoming and outgoing radiation.The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer is recording infrared transmittance spectra of the Earth's limb from low Earth orbit (solar occultation).These infrared spectra provide accurate measurements of sulfate aerosol composition 1 , but have difficulty providing information on physical properties such as the particle size distribution.In contrast, optical extinction measurements, such as from the SAGE III/ISS instrument on the International Space Station, provide information on physical properties, but little data on composition.In situ measurements, made from aircraft, with a mass spectrometer and laser light scattering provide some information on composition and reliable information on physical properties 2 .By combining the information from satellite observations and in situ measurements, a more complete characterization of stratospheric sulfate aerosols has been obtained.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".