Thermotolerance in <i>S. cerevisiae</i> as a model to study extracellular vesicle biology
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a proven model organism for elucidating conserved eukaryotic biology, but to date its extracellular vesicle (EV) biology is understudied. Here, we show yeast transmit information through the extracellular medium that increases survival when confronted with heat stress and demonstrate the EV-enriched samples mediate this thermotolerance transfer. These samples contain vesicle-like particles that are exosome-sized and disrupting exosome biogenesis by targeting endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) machinery inhibits thermotolerance transfer. We find that Bro1, the yeast ortholog of the human exosome biomarker ALIX, is present in EV samples, and use Bro1 tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP) to track EV release and uptake by endocytosis. Proteomics analysis reveals that heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family proteins are enriched in EV samples that provide thermotolerance. We confirm the presence of the HSP70 ortholog stress-seventy subunit A2 (Ssa2) in EV samples and find that mutant yeast cells lacking SSA2 produce EVs but they fail to transfer thermotolerance. We conclude that Ssa2 within exosomes shared between yeast cells contributes to thermotolerance. Through this work, we advance Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an emerging model organism for elucidating molecular details of eukaryotic EV biology and establish a role for exosomes in heat stress and proteostasis that seems to be evolutionarily conserved.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it