Plane Strain Sand Properties from Numerical Modelling of Direct Shear Test
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Direct shear test is the simplest, inexpensive and the oldest among shear tests in soil laboratories.Although such test is commonly used in research and practice, analysis for many long geotechnical structures such as earth pressure and slope stability problems require measurement of plane strain soil properties.Plane strain soil properties are complex and need special skills and equipment to measure in the lab.Therefore, engineers usually rely on empirical relations to predict the plane strain soil properties from direct shear or triaxial test.In this study, a two-dimensional, plane strain finite difference model is employed in the software FLAC to simulate the mechanical behaviour of sandy soil tested in direct shear box.The study showed that the results of the finite element analysis complied with those obtained from laboratory tests conducted with the help of a direct shear box.The plane strain properties of the sandy soil can be back calculated from numerical simulations of direct shear tests with reasonable accuracy.Moreover, the numerical model was able to capture the trend in the experimental results and in most cases gave reasonable estimate of the shear strength and volume change of sandy soil.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".