A Retrospective Study of Complications Following Pelvic and Para-Aortic Lymphadenectomy in Gynecologic Oncology
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Lymphadenectomy plays an essential role in the staging protocols for gynecologic cancers, as recommended by International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO). While its benefits vary, complications may arise during intra-operative, acute post-operative, or long-term periods. Notably, lymphadenectomy-associated systemic morbidity and specific complications such as lymphocele and lymphedema have been reported. Methods: This retrospective study involved 399 patients with cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers who underwent pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy. The follow-up period was at least 3 months. Intra-operative complications encompassed adjacent organ injury and significant blood loss, while acute post-operative complications occurred within 29 days. Post-30-day complications included lymphocele and lymphedema. Logistic regression analysis identified predictors for complications. Results: The overall complication rate was 42.4%, with intra-operative, acute post-operative, and long-term rates of 26.1%, 11.0%, and 14.0%, respectively. Predictors for overall complications included laparotomy, positive lymph nodes, and operative time > 240 min. For intra-operative complications, age > 60 years, laparotomy, positive lymph nodes, and operative time > 240 min were significant predictors. Symptomatic lymphocele and lymphedema occurred in 6.0% and 2.0% of patients, respectively, mainly in the long-term period. Conclusion: Although the overall complication rate after gynecologic surgery was found to be almost half of all cases, the rate of severe complications was low. Additionally, the rates of symptomatic lymphocele and lymphedema were low. Lymphadenectomy in gynecologic cancer surgery can be performed safely.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".