EXPECTATIONS OF PATIENTS TOWARDS HEALTHCARE: A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA AND CANADA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study investigated the expectations of patients in Nigeria and Canada towards healthcare. The relationship of age and gender with expectation of healthcare was also explored. The descriptive research design was adopted for the study. The sample consisted of two thousand and four hundred respondents who were selected from both countries (Nigeria and Canada) using simple random, purposive and systematic random techniques.A new questionnaire entitled“Expectations of Patients towards Healthcare Questionnaire” (EPHQ) was developed and used in the studytoaddress theresearch questions andhypotheses. Thevalidity of thescale was achieved through team of experts and the split half reliability of the instrument was .67. The data collected wasanalyzed using frequency counts, percentages,facto analysist-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results showed that there wasa significant difference between expectations of patients in Nigeria and Canadatowards healthcare based onageandgender. It was concluded that Pan African and Canadian policies, processes and programs to further empower and sustain healthcare systems for the future,should be well structured to meet patients’ expectations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.017 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".