Concurrent TMS-fMRI: An international consensus and functional guide for current and future researchers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Concurrent TMS-fMRI provides a step-change in the toolkit of neuroscience research. Using non-invasive perturbation of ongoing human brain activity and simultaneous read-out of its effects across the brain, it permits causal inference into human brain-behaviour relationships with important implications for both fundamental research and clinical application. Many of the practical barriers to implementation have now been solved and the community is rapidly growing. Here we present an international consensus and discussion, from researchers at all levels and across the fields of cognitive and applied human neuroscience, on the experimental design and practical considerations of this exciting technique.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.057 | 0.079 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.009 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.011 |
| Open science | 0.010 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.011 | 0.017 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.017 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".