Highly Carboxylated Pulps – A New Approach
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The export of market kraft pulp is a significant part of the Canadian forest products industry. Although northern softwood kraft pulps are premium products in the international pulp marketplace, there is interest in producing truly specialty pulps whose properties extend beyond the physical and chemical property boundaries of current pulping and bleaching operations. Whereas the pulping and bleaching literature has for decades focused on improving pulp properties, we know of only a few examples of post-bleaching fiber modification in pulp mills. Instead, the pulp producers leave it to papermakers to tune paper properties with chemical additives in the papermaking processes. Most papermill fiber chemical treatments including sizing additives, dry strength resins, and wet strength resins, involve interactions with the exterior surfaces of pulp fibers. We propose that market pulp mills producing dry, or nearly dry, pulp offer a unique opportunity to influence fiber surface properties by fixing reactive polymers onto fiber surfaces when the pulp is heated on pulp drying machines. The objective of the work described herein was to develop new approaches to modify pulp fiber surfaces at the end of the pulp mill bleaching processes through polymer grafting. This contribution covers the highlights of recent publications [1-4].
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".