Effects of systemic or uterine endotoxin challenge in Holstein cows at 5 or 40 days postpartum on clinical responses, uterine and systemic inflammation, and milk yield
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Our objective was to investigate the effects of intravenous (IV) or intrauterine (IU) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge at 5 or 40 d postpartum (DPP) on clinical signs, systemic and uterine inflammation, dry matter intake (DMI), and milk yield (MY). Holstein cows at 5 DPP (n = 23) or at 40 DPP (n = 24) were blocked by parity and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: (1) IV-LPS (0.0625 μg/kg BW [5 DPP] or 0.1 μg/kg BW [40 DPP] over 1h), (2) IU-LPS (100 μg [5 DPP] or 300 μg [40 DPP] in 20 mL of saline), or (3) 20 mL of saline IU (IU-SAL; same for 5 and 40 DPP). The proportion of polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells was measured by endometrial cytology at d -1, 1, 4, and 7 relative to treatment. Blood haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA), and LPS-binding protein (LBP), DMI, and MY were measured from d -1 through d 7. Data were analyzed separately for each DPP group in multivariable linear regression models accounting for repeated measures. Both DPP groups showed increases in rectal temperature and heart and respiratory rates, and decrease in rumination rate following IV-LPS, but not following IU-LPS. At 5 DPP, endometrial PMN proportion was similar in IU-LPS and IU-SAL. Serum Hp was unaffected by LPS challenge, SAA was greater in IV-LPS from 12 h to 24 h after challenge, and LBP was greater in IV-LPS from 8 h to 24 h. At 40 DPP, PMN was greater in IU-LPS (37 ± 4%) than in IU-SAL (15 ± 4%) 1 d after LPS challenge. Serum Hp was greater from 24 h to 72 h after challenge in IV-LPS than in the other groups, SAA was greater in IV-LPS from 6 h to 48 h, and LBP was greater in IV-LPS from 8 h to 24 h. At both 5 and 40 DPP, treatment did not affect DMI, but MY was lesser in IV-LPS cows at 12 h and 24 h than in IU-SAL or IU-LPS. The IV-LPS challenge resulted in more pronounced changes in clinical signs and acute phase protein (APP) concentrations than IU-LPS or IU-SAL at 40 DPP, but more subtle or inconsistent changes at 5 DPP. These may be due to the different doses of LPS used at 5 and 40 DPP or possibly due to the high variation in baseline clinical signs and APP observed in all groups at 5 DPP. The IU-LPS increased uterine PMN 1 d after challenge at 40 DPP but not at 5 DPP. At each time, IU-LPS did not produce changes in clinical signs or markers of systemic inflammation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".