From Iceland to New Iceland: An archaeology of migration, continuity and change in the late 19th and early 20th centuries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In 1876 Páll Gunnlaugsson and Nanna Jónsdóttir auctioned off their belongings and emigrated from Iceland to North America with their two young sons. A year earlier, Jón Guttormsson and Pálína Ketilsdóttir emigrated from a different Icelandic fjord with their young son Vigfús and settled in New Iceland, Canada. This book looks at the processes of migration and settlement, and the cultural changes and continuities that arise from entanglements with new environments. It weaves the results of archaeological excavations at two farms, Hornbrekka, Iceland and Víðivellir, New Iceland together with the rich historical archive of the emigration period. The discussion focuses on four themes through which specific changes in the lives of the emigrants and their descendants are explored: ethnic identity, wealth, improvement, and modernity. The book provides a critical examination of how change occurs through continuities and argues that either/or categories are inherently unhelpful in explaining cultural change.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".