Defining Urethral Complications of Intermittent Catheterisation Using Hydrophilic Catheters: A Scoping Review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This scoping review emphasises the significance of various complications such as urinary tract infections (UTI), urethral pain, urethral trauma, damage, and haematuria, when understanding and reporting complications experienced during intermittent catheterisation using hydrophilic-coated and newer catheters with integrated hydrophilic properties. Currently, there is a lack of consistency and interchangeability in the definitions of bladder and urethral complications in published literature, particularly in the case of urethral trauma and damage. A search of the literature was conducted in accordance with established Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA) guidelines. By mapping the terminology used in articles, and providing insight into the current gap in the definition of complications related to catheter use, the authors highlight the urgent need for standardisation in the definitions of complications associated with catheter use. This will enhance research and education, and better manage and address intermittent catheter-associated complications (ICAC), promoting best practices in catheter education, use, and selection.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.040 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.011 | 0.011 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".