Factors affecting the tensile strength of bituminous geomembrane seams
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The tensile shear strength, break location, and constant tensile load failure times are examined for seams made from one 4 mm-thick bituminous geomembrane (BGM) product, with corresponding observations specific to that material. In short-term tests, failure is observed within the sheet material once the seam strength exceeded 0.8 times that of the sheet material. The effects of seam thickness reduction and overlap width on seam strength are examined for two methods of seaming. Seams with a short-term strength meeting or exceeding 80% of the sheet strength are subjected to constant tensile loads between 18 and 55% of sheet ultimate strength and the time to failure is reported. The relationship between short-term seam strength and time to failure under sustained load and thickness reduction and squeeze-out is investigated. Constant tensile load testing is proposed as a construction quality assurance procedure to assess the degree of geotextile engagement of field seams.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".