Bibliographic record
Abstract
If people know anything about the life of René Descartes, it is probably how he died-becoming sick in the darkness of the cold Swedish winter when he was at the service of Queen Christina.The second thing people might know is that his skull went missing.His remains stayed in Sweden for sixteen years after his death in 1650 before they were sent back to his native France.The skull, however, was for some reason left behind.It is now assumed to be the one on display in a cabinet at Musée de l'homme in Paris.Finally, of course, people might also know that René Descartes was a man who carefully contemplated the relations between the senses, the passions, the body, and the mind.As Steven Nadler writes in the very first chapter of this volume, one of Descartes's major themes is the "radical separation of mind and body." Among Descartes's works, his Meditations on First Philosophy and Discourse on Method is perhaps the most familiar.Less well-known to today's readers is, according to Nadler, his Principles of Philosophy and The World-a gap that this volume seeks to fill.Starting off in the childhood of the philosopher-to-be, Nadler mixes the chronological retelling of Descartes's early life and education with glimpses of more well-known episodes from his eventful life.Recurring in the narrative is the last months of his life, a period spent in Stockholm, Sweden, at the court of the multifaceted Queen Christina.This last period of Descartes's life is also discussed in the final and shortest chapter of the volume, whose heading is a citation from one of his letters: "'A land of bears, rocks and ice,'" mirroring, of course, his view of the northern climate.In total, the book consists of eight chapters-in fact all cleverly named-such as "Rebuilding the House of Knowledge, " and of course, "'I think, therefore I am.'"As indicated by these chapters, presentations and discussions of the philosophy and science of Descartes fill this volume, alongside the life story of the philosopher.It becomes clear that this was a man who lived and breathed his work, who craved silence and solitude, but at the same time wanted recognition for his ideas.Nadler points out several key figures and experiences that are suggested to have contributed to the development of Descartes's intellectual thinking, his ground-breaking ideas, and his writings.Striking, but
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".