Intense lateral intrusion of offshore sub-surface waters in Halifax Harbour
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The main physical processes affecting the circulation variability in Halifax Harbour (HH), including the intense lateral intrusion of offshore sub-surface waters into Bedford Basin (BB), are studied using a nested-grid modelling system (NGMS). The annual and monthly mean circulation in HH are characterized by a typical two-layer estuarine circulation, with seaward currents in the upper layer and landward currents in the lower layer, both showing strong temporal and spatial variability. The intense lateral intrusion of offshore sub-surface waters into BB occurs at time scales of a few days. The intense intrusion, in combination with winter connection, is important for the renewal of deep waters in BB. The model sensitivity experiments suggest that the persistent northwesterly winds strengthen the near-surface seaward currents and the lateral intrusion of offshore sub-surface waters into BB. The persistent southwesterly winds can also trigger the lateral intrusion, but are less effective than the northwesterly winds. The southeasterly winds, on the contrary, reduce significantly the seaward currents in the surface layer and prevent the lateral intrusion. The accumulative effects of winds and tides on the 3D hydrodynamics in HH are also examined. Local winds have dominant effects on the 3D currents and temperature/salinity, through driving vertical mixing and coastal upwelling. By comparison, tides play a secondly role in affecting the currents and temperature/salinity in BB but are important in the Narrows.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".