Women's Access to and Control over the 5 Forms of Capital in Machakos Town Sub-County, Kenya
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This mixed-methods study examines female small livestock owners' five forms of capital (personal, human, social, financial, and physical) in Kola and Kalama wards of Machakos Town sub-county, Kenya. Based on analysis of 39 individual interviews and 3 focus group discussions we analyze how the complex and dynamic position of smallholder women farmers at the household and community level is influenced by local culture and politics. Gender intersects with ethnicity, age, socio-economic status, education, and marital status to create patterns of disadvantage and marginalization from resources including decision-making. Men use all forms of violence to control most forms of capital. The only forms of capital which women have some control over are physical capital (small livestock such as chickens, goats) and social capital (groups, networks).Strategically, these women have developed "code of conduct" and that uses their strong social capital to achieve their goals. Women's groups provide opportunities for women to increase their power in their households and in their communities and social networks can be targeted for interventional research aimed at increasing access to livestock vaccines and veterinary services.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.011 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".