Evaluating the Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Anxiety in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: The impact of the SARS-CoV-2 on mental health, specifically on anxiety symptoms may be pronounced among solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs), who are immunocompromised and at a higher risk of infection. This study aims to assess the impact of the pandemic on anxiety symptoms in SOTRs. Methods: Cross-sectional convenience sample of adult kidney, kidney-pancreas, liver and kidney-liver transplant recipients, recruited in studies validating PROMIS tools between 1997-2023. Demographic data are self-reported, clinical data is from health records. Patients completed the PROMIS-29 anxiety v2.0 using 4-item SF or CAT, scored on a T-score metric, where higher score indicates more anxiety symptoms. In our primary analysis, we compare anxiety between patients who completed the questionnaires prior to the pandemic (PRE) vs after the onset of the pandemic (POST). In our secondary analysis, we further divide our POST group into those who were transplanted before (POST-B) and those who were transplanted after the pandemic (POST-A), to further delineate the potential association between the pandemic and anxiety symptoms. Scores were compared using two-sample t-test and linear regression adjusted for organ type, age, sex, ethnicity, education, marital status, economic disadvantage, comorbidity, time since transplant, serum albumin and hemoglobin. Results: Of 682 participants, 422 (62%) were male, mean(SD) age was 53(15) years. In our primary analysis, mean(SD) PROMIS-29 anxiety scores were higher in POST vs PRE (54[9] vs 52[9], p=0.004). POST anxiety scores were significantly higher in the fully adjusted regression model (coefficient[95% CI]: 2.9[0.9,4.9], p=0.007). In our secondary analysis, the fully adjusted regression model showed that the timing of transplant (prior to or after COVID onset) status was associated with anxiety scores (reference: PRE): POST-A (coefficient[95%CI]: 4.2[0.8,7.6], p=0.019), POST-B (2.4[0.6,5.4]). Conclusions: Anxiety scores collected in this sample of SOTRs were higher after the onset of the pandemic. These findings suggest that mental health support for SOTRs is relevant and important in the context of the pandemic. Longitudinal studies can assess the development of anxiety symptoms in the future.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".