0.075% Capsaicin Lotion for the Treatment of Peripheral Neuropathy in ESRD Patients: A Multicenter Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over Trial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Neuropathic pain is one of the common symptom in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients leads to problems in physical, mental and quality of life. Pain medications are also limited in CKD. This study aims to evaluate the effect of 0.075% capsaicin lotion in neuropathic pain, quality of life and side effect of End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patient required Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT). Methods: We conducted a multicenter randomized, double-blinded, crossover, placebo controlled trial included 60 ESRD patients required RRT who had peripheral neuropathy in dialysis units in Bangkok and Phitsanulok province. The participants were randomized to received 0.075% capsaicin/placebo for 8 weeks, then crossing over to the other treatment for 8 weeks after a 2-weeks washout period. Primary outcome was the change in visual analog scale (VAS) score of pain severity. Secondary outcomes were changes in neuropathic pain scale, short-form McGill Pain questionnaire, quality of life in kidney disease using KDQOL-36 and adverse event. Results: A total of 55 participants were enrolled, baseline VAS pain score was 6.05. After 8 weeks of capsaicin lotion, VAS score decrease 1.75 (p 0.615) after 8 weeks. Proportions of patients with pain score reductions of 50% significantly decreased in capsaicin group 23 (41%) and 14 (25.45%) in control group (p 0.022). From subgroup analysis, VAS in patients with severe pain score at start decreased significantly (p 0.021), compare to those with moderate pain score at start (p 1.000). KDQOL-36, the mean score in daily activity trend to decrease 0.25 in capsaicin group compare to 0.05 in control group (p 0.094). Capsaicin lotion was well tolerated with some local skin reactions. Conclusions: In ESRD patients with peripheral neuropathy, 0.075% capsaicin lotion can significantly decrease pain score 50% and trend to improve daily activity aspect of quality of life in kidney disease. Funding: Commercial Support - Bangkok Drug Company
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".