Exploring the role of emotional demeanor in a preliminary investigation context: expectation violations & gender
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In a criminal investigation, displaying an unexpected emotional demeanor could trigger suspicion or perceptions of involvement. Across two studies, mock investigators read a case summary of a preliminary investigation where emotional demeanor (expected/unexpected) and gender of a person of interest (POI) in the investigation (man/woman) were systematically varied. In the second study, a cognitive busyness manipulation was included. In Study 1 (n = 420), an unexpected emotional demeanor led to lower ratings of appropriateness, negative affect display, credibility, and inflated perceptions of suspicion. These results were replicated in Study 2. In Study 2 (n = 396), results showed both main and interaction effects for both emotional demeanor and gender on judgments of several relevant evaluations including suspicion, involvement, and credibility, evidencing the influence of emotional demeanor at a very early stage of investigation, particularly for females. Cognitive busyness did not affect any evaluations of the case or POI.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.041 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".