E-Cigarette Aerosol Inhibition of Compositionally Different Surfactants
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Pulmonary surfactant lines the alveolar surface where it reduces surface tension (ST) thereby facilitating breathing with minimal effort. As such, impairment of surfactant’s surface tension reducing function can contribute to lung injury. Isolated surfactant from the lung consists of up of 85-90% by weight saturated and unsaturated phospholipids, 5-10% neutral lipids, mainly cholesterol, and 10% surfactant proteins, designated SP-A, SP-B, and SP-C. However, studies examining surfactant function and dysfunction have often utilized surfactants with simpler compositions. One recent area of interest is the impact of e-cigarette (EC) generated aerosols on surfactant. EC use remains a popular habit despite reports of vaping associated acute lung injury. Upon inhalation, EC aerosol comes into direct contact with pulmonary surfactant and previous studies have demonstrated that EC aerosol exposure can impair surfactant function using either bovine lipid-extracted surfactant (BLES) or simple lipid mixtures. Comparing inhibition by EC aerosol of a more diverse set of surfactant preparations can further elucidate which components of surfactant are most affected by EC aerosol. We hypothesized that EC aerosol would cause varying degrees of functional inhibition in compositionally different surfactants. Methods: The following surfactant preparations were tested: BLES, BLES + SP-A, natural bovine, SP-A deficient bovine, and synthetic surfactants composed of saturated lipids + cholesterol + SP-C, and saturated + unsaturated lipids + cholesterol + SP-C. To test the exposure to EC aerosol, 2ml of surfactant was placed in a syringe (30ml) attached to an EC. The generated aerosol was drawn into the syringe for 30 sec and then expelled, this was repeated 30 times. The functional impact was then tested on a constrained sessile drop surfactometer to analyse changes in ST reduction. Results: Upon exposure to EC aerosol, natural bovine surfactant had significantly higher minimum ST compared to non-exposed and BLES. This difference did not appear to be mediated by SP-A. Synthetic lipid mixtures containing only saturated phospholipids (DPPC) were not significantly inhibited by EC aerosol, but the addition of unsaturated lipids resulted in increased minimum ST. Conclusion: Functional impairment of pulmonary surfactant due to EC aerosol is dependent on aerosol interaction with unsaturated lipids. This effect is more pronounced in natural complete surfactants. Western, NSERC, OGS. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it