The linear and curvilinear relationships between assertiveness and mental health: a cross-cultural perspective
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Eurocentric research suggests that higher assertiveness is associated with better mental health. However, it remains unclear whether this linear relationship applies to collectivistic cultures. This cross-cultural study examined the linear and curvilinear relationship between assertiveness and mental health among 410 Chinese and 360 US adults. We examined linear, quadratic, and cubic relationships through hierarchical regression analyses. In the Chinese group, results indicated a significant cubic relationship between assertiveness and both depression (R2 = 8.82%, p < .001) and aggression (R2 = 2.46%, p < .001), showing that an optimal assertiveness level was associated with lower depression and aggression. In the US group, higher assertiveness was associated with lower depression (R2 = 4.24%, p < .001), but not aggression. This study highlights cultural variations in assertiveness-mental health relationships. Mental health professionals should consider cultural norms while providing assertiveness training to diverse individuals.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".