Airline competition: A comprehensive review of recent research
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In recent decades, airline competition has received tremendous interest inside the research community, given the competition’s potentially extensive impacts on passengers, economies, and the society as a whole. Our review dissects the more recent literature on airline competition, aiming to comprehensively analyze the diverse perspectives and features that have been reported and investigated to date. Categories covered by our review include passenger choice models, airline service quality, price competition, network competition, airline business models, route entry / exit decisions, hubs and resource limitations, regional airports and markets, as well as studies on concentration and cooperation. In addition, we cover recently emerged studies on the COVID-19 pandemic - devastating to the entire aviation industry - and how the pandemic might have impacted the competition landscape of airlines. Through a comparative analysis of existing methodological papers and case studies, our review offers a comprehensive overview of airline competition in a critical transition phase of aviation, facing severe challenges regarding climate change and sustainability-related development goals. Our review and findings not only contribute to academic discourse but hopefully also provide valuable insights for policymakers and industrial practitioners.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.013 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".