Tunnel rockbursts induced by dynamic disturbances: mechanism and mitigation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Rockbursts are characterized by violent rock fractures and pose a significant threat to hard-rock tunnels, potentially resulting in casualties and damage to excavation spaces. Globally recognized as one of the least understood and most feared challenges in underground excavations, rockbursts are often triggered by dynamic disturbances such as engineering activities or nearby vibrations. This study conceptualizes rockbursts as dynamic buckling or instability issues inherent in rock structures. It specifically investigates the mechanism of tunnel rockbursts induced by ambient blasting. The derivation of the governing equation of motion, which incorporates shear deformation and rotary inertia of the rock column, results in coupled Mathieu equations. By employing the proposed numerical method, the conditions triggering rockburst were established using instability diagrams. The study examines the effects of static components, dynamic loading, and frequency on a tunnel example, revealing that the amplitude and frequency of dynamic disturbances are critical in influencing the occurrence of tunnel rockbursts through perturbation effects and parametric resonance mechanisms. These insights offer valuable understanding into the mechanisms, mitigation, and control of tunnel rockbursts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".