BIOMARKERS OF ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION AND CLOTTING DYSREGULATION POST COVID-19- A SUBSTUDY OF CARTESIAN
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: Multiple mechanisms may contribute to a hypercoagulation state in patients with COVID-19. Endothelial cells play a key role in cellular adhesion, coagulation, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and vascular wall inflammation. We aimed to describe the activation of the coagulation system, specifically thrombin generation, plasma release of endothelial factors and NETosis, and their association with kidney function following the resolution of the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Design and method: Plasma samples were collected from adults 3 to 9 months after a confirmed episode of COVID-19 (COVID+, hospitalized or not, n=22) or after negative testing for COVID-19 in individuals who remained free of COVID-19 (COVID-, n-22). The coagulation system was assessed using in-vivo markers such as D-dimers (ng/ml). Thrombin generation assay estimated the thrombin-generating capacity in platelet-rich and platelet-poor plasma to provide information on soluble coagulation factors and the role of platelets in this process. Plasma release of endothelial factors was assessed by the levels of procoagulant factor VIII (FVIII) and Von Willebrand factor (VWF), and NETosis was determined using DNA-histone complexes levels. Spearman and linear regressions were used, when appropriate, to assess relationships between coagulation biomarkers and clinical and demographic characteristics of the population, such as kidney function (eGFR) calculated with the CKD-EPI equation (ml/min/1.73m 2 ). Results: The COVID+ group was older (mean age 53.8± 17.6 years vs 40.6 ± 17.2 years, p=0.031). Compared to the controls, the COVID+ group had higher DNA-histone levels (Spearman ρ =0.311, p=0.040) and lower platelet counts (Spearman ρ = -0.334, p=0.033), but these differences were no longer significant after adjustment for age. However, we observed a significant association between eGFR and D-dimers, VWF and FVIII. Among them, only the association of D-dimers with eGFR was independent of age (β=4.59, p=0.030). Conclusions: These findings do not support a persistent long-term dysregulation of coagulation and endothelial dysfunction following the resolution of COVID-19. However, they show a significant increase in D-dimers associated with renal function, independent of both age and COVID-19.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".