Effect of Copper Addition on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ductile Cast Iron
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work aims to investigate the influence of Cu addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of ductile cast iron (DCI). A step-like mold was used to study the evolved microstructures at different cooling rates. It was observed that adding Cu to DCI increased the pearlite content and refined significantly the lamellar structure. This effect was more pronounced at the thicker sections (slower cooling rates). Tensile strength improved obviously with the increase in pearlite content from 550 MPa at 27 % pearlite (0.02 wt.% Cu) to 875 MPa at 83 % pearlite (2.47 wt.% Cu). However, the elongation decreased sharply from 19 to 5 % upon increasing Cu content from 0.02 to 2.47 wt.% at 20 mm thickness. The impact toughness was affected negatively by Cu addition, where the value of toughness decreased from 65 J at 0.02 wt.% Cu to ~17 J at 2.47 wt.% Cu at 20 mm.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it