Modified empirical arc model for simulating HVdc open conductor faults
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
One fault that has hitherto not widely been investigated is the open circuiting of an HVdc conductor, as its occurrence is relatively rare. Using electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation, this paper addresses the void in HVdc fault analysis by giving useful insight into the impact of HVdc open conductor faults on current and voltage transients. In order to simulate the resulting series arc between falling HVdc conductors, the Schavemaker model, a well-known empirical model, is adapted by introducing the dynamics of varying arc length. The modified Schavemaker arc model is implemented in PSCAD/ EMTDC. This study analyzes the impact of each parameter of the Schavemaker arc model on the arc conductance variation during an open conductor fault. This study shows that the arc time constant is the most influential parameter on the arc conductance variation while the time-varying reference arc voltage and arc cooling power introduces the effect of variable arc lengths to the Schawmaker model.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it