Bibliographic record
Abstract
This book investigates the argument for the significance and necessity of project-based learning and teaching (PBLT), as it becomes increasingly important in language education. Drawing on research and professional literature spanning over 100 years, it explores the research foundations and the historical and theoretical antecedents of PBLT, articulating the application of PBLT as a valuable approach for second language education pedagogy and research. Utilizing qualitative classroom research conducted in Canada, it then moves to address key concerns surrounding the difficulties of effectively implementing PBLT with existing curriculum and keeping track of content acquisition, cognitive and social skills development, and language learning. Authoritatively written, and offering fresh insight into how the field can be advanced by engaging second language (L2) students in deeper learning and higher order thinking with 21st-century PBLT contextually, situationally, and multimodally, it makes a valuable pedagogical and research contribution that benefits practitioners and researchers in the field. As such, it will appeal to researchers, faculty, and L2 professionals with interests in L2 education, multimodal teaching and learning, and applied linguistics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.012 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.045 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.013 | 0.018 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.014 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".