Neutral plane of single pile in clay subjected to surcharge loading using the “critical state soil mechanics” (CSSM)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Piles are designed to support direct loads, however, floating piles in clay are often subjected to indirect loading (surcharge). In this case, the pile’s shaft will be subjected to negative skin friction on part or on its full length, depending on the value of the surcharge, soil condition and pile’s length. The total negative skin friction acting on the pile’s shaft is known as the drag-load, which will reduce the pile capacity and perhaps pull the pile out of its cap, leading to catastrophic failure of the structure. A numerical model was developed using the finite element technique to simulate the case of a single pile floating in clay subjected to surcharge. The model utilizes the concept of the Critical State Soil Mechanics (CSSM) and the constitutive law of the Modified Cam Clay (MCC). The MCC is capable of incorporating the effect of soil deformation and the stress history into the stresses acting on the pile’s shaft. It is widely used in modelling geomechanics problems. The objective of this study is to determine the location of the neutral plane on the pile’s shaft for a given surcharge, soil condition and pile’s length. Thus, the positive and negative skin frictions acting on the pile’s shaft can be determined and accordingly the pile capacity. After validating the numerical models with the data available in the literature, the model was used to generate a wide range of data, which commonly used in practice, to examine the effect of the parameters which govern the location of the neutral plane for these piles. Design charts and design example are presented.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".