Transcranial magnetic stimulation as a countermeasure for behavioral and neuropsychological risks of long-duration and deep-space missions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
These are exciting times for the global space industry; governmental and commercial space ventures have grown considerably over the past decade, and this growth is projected to expand further in the near future 1 . Human exploration of space, however, is facing new challenges that have yet to be solved. As planned and prospective missions extend both in duration and reach, the risks of human exposure to the spaceflight environment are a growing concern for crew health and well-being, as well as for mission success. Among the multisystemic risks of space exposure, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) 2 , 3 recognizes that spaceflight can compromise the central nervous system (CNS) and could lead to behavioral 4 and neuropsychological 5 impairments. Specifically, extended stay in isolated, confined, and extreme (ICE) environment, exposure to cosmic radiation, structural and functional alterations to the CNS in micro and zero gravity, and space-related disruption of sleep and circadian rhythms pose major threats to behavioral and cognitive health and performance of space crews 5 , 6 .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".