Presence of Additional Pathology in Low-Grade Acromioclavicular Joint Injuries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine if additional pathology is present in low-grade acromioclavicular (AC) joint injuries. DESIGN: Prospective case series. SETTING: Patients were assessed by primary care sports medicine physicians at a single institution between 2019 and 2023. PATIENTS: Patients aged 18 to 65 years diagnosed with a type I to III AC injury based on clinical and radiographic evaluation. INTERVENTION: Consenting patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation within 21 days of injury. All injuries were treated nonoperatively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Additional pathologies identified on MRI were reported in a standardized fashion by fellowship-trained musculoskeletal radiologists. RESULTS: Twenty-nine patients (26 men/3 women) were consented with a mean (±SD) age of 28.6 ± 9.5 years. The mean time from injury to MRI was 8.1 ± 5.9 days. Twenty-three injuries were sport related, and 6 were accidental traumas. Based on MRI, injury type was reclassified in 16 of 29 patients, and 13 remained unchanged. Additional pathologies identified included 14 muscle injuries, 5 rotator cuff tears, 5 labral tears, 1 nondisplaced fracture, and 1 intra-articular body. CONCLUSION: MRI evidence suggests that most AC joint injuries are more severe than clinically diagnosed. Identifying additional pathology may alter diagnostic and treatment guidelines for type I to III AC joint injuries.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".