Bibliographic record
Abstract
This book has been a long time in the making and has benefited from the feedback and support of many distinguished scholars.At the University of Toronto, Sylvia Bashevkin's wisdom, encouragement, and willingness to talk through the details of the project helped me to grow as a researcher.It was a privilege and an honour to work with her.Ludovic Rheault's methodological expertise and genuine enthusiasm for sharing it are the only reason I know anything about computational text analysis.I couldn't have undertaken this project without his guidance.Erin Tolley consistently provided insightful, detailed feedback on drafts that never lost sight of the big picture, and connected me to opportunities for research collaboration and teaching.I am so fortunate to have benefitted from the guidance of all three of these outstanding mentors.I am immeasurably grateful to the Linked Parliamentary Data Project team for their extraordinary work digitizing Hansard and making the Lipad dataset available.I am especially
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.594 | 0.379 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".