Interaction of carbonic anhydrase I released from red blood cells with human plasma in vitro
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) constitute ∼50% of the bloodstream and represent an important target for environmental pollutants and bacterial/viral infections, which can result in their rupture. In addition, diseases such as sickle cell anaemia and paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria can also result in the rupture of RBCs, which can be potentially life-threatening. With regard to the release of cytosolic metalloproteins from RBCs into the blood-organ system, the biochemical fate of haemoglobin is rather well understood, while comparatively little is known about another highly abundant Zn-metalloprotein, carbonic anhydrase (CA I). To gain insight into the interaction of CA I with human blood plasma constituents, we have employed a metallomics tool comprised of size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled online with an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES), which allows to simultaneously observe all Cu, Fe, and Zn-metalloproteins. After the addition of CA I to human blood plasma incubated at 37°C, the SEC-ICP-AES analysis using phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4) after 5 min, 1 h, and 2 h revealed that CA I eluted after all endogenous Zn-metalloproteins in the 30 kDa range. Matrix-assisted laser desorption-time of flight mass spectrometry analysis of the collected Zn-peak confirmed that CA I eluted from the column intact. Our in vitro results suggest that CA I released from RBCs to plasma remains free and may be actively involved in health-relevant adverse processes that unfold at the bloodstream-endothelial interface, including atherosclerosis and vision loss.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".