New records of three introduced heleomyzid flies (Diptera: Heleomyzidae) in western North America
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We report the presence of three Palaearctic species, Suillia variegata (Loew), Tephrochlamys flavipes (Zetterstedt), and Tephrochlamys tarsalis (Zetterstedt) (Diptera: Heleomyzidae), recently introduced to North America. We use community science (also known as citizen science) data to show that S. variegata, which was first reported in Portland, Oregon, United States of America, in 2016, has persisted in that area and has subsequently also been observed in Washington and California. Tephrochlamys flavipes, first reported in Seattle, Washington, United States of America, in 2010, has been observed comparatively more rarely, in a more restricted geographic area. The presence of T. tarsalis in the Nearctic, previously reported in Canada based on genetic barcodes, is verified from photographs taken in British Columbia, Canada and Washington. We provide updates to the keys to Suillia Robineau-Desvoidy and Tephrochlamys Loew of the United States of America and Canada. Finally, we discuss potential means of introduction and patterns of dispersal for each species.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".